VB.NET If Then, ElseIf, Else Statement Examples

If Then. With logic (an If-statement) we direct control flow.

The condition is evaluated. On a true result, control moves to the statements inside the block.

Expressions. In an If-statement, multiple expressions are short-circuited. We use "and," or to evaluate conditions. With an End we close our block.

First example. An If-statement uses the If-keyword and the Then-keyword. The ElseIf-statement has the "If" part capitalized in the middle.

And: The Else-statement has no "Then" part. We end a block with an "End If" statement.

Equals: We do not use two equals signs together in an If-statement. We just use one.

Tip: Visual Studio will automatically insert the "Then" and "End If" parts of an If-statement.

Based on:

.NET 4.5

VB.NET program that uses If, ElseIf and Else

Module Module1
    Sub Main()

	' Get input.
	Dim s As String = Console.ReadLine()

	' Check input with If, Elseif and Else.
	If s = "cat" Then
	    Console.WriteLine("You like cats")
	ElseIf s = "dog" Then
	    Console.WriteLine("You like dogs")
	Else
	    Console.WriteLine("No choice made")
	End If

    End Sub
End Module

Output

dog
You like dogs

If Not. An If-statement can also test a negative. Instead we must apply the Not-keyword. The If-statement then reads "If not this, then."

Not: We also can apply the Not-keyword to the ElseIf clause. We cannot use the "!=" operator.

VB.NET program that uses If Not

Module Module1
    Sub Main()
	' An integer variable.
	Dim i As Integer = 100

	' Test integer against 100 and 200.
	If Not i = 100 Then
	    Console.WriteLine("i not 100")
	ElseIf Not i = 200 Then
	    Console.WriteLine("i not 2")
	End If

    End Sub
End Module

Output

i not 2

And, or. With the "And" and "Or" keywords, we test complex expressions. These expressions are chained. If an expression with And, the first test that fail sends evaluation.

And: In the Or case, the first test that succeeds will cause the expression to be stopped (short-circuited).

Tip: To use these binary (two-part) operators, we use the English words. This is a different syntax than "&&" and "||".

VB.NET program that uses And, Or

Module Module1

    Sub Main()
	Dim left As Integer = 10
	Dim right As Integer = 100

	' Use "and" in expression.
	If left = 10 And right = 100 Then
	    Console.WriteLine(1)
	End If

	' Use "or" in expression.
	If left = 5 Or right = 100 Then
	    Console.WriteLine(2)
	End If
    End Sub

End Module

Output

1
2

Boolean Function. An If-statement does not always directly test values. Sometimes it calls another Function and tests the value returned by that Function.

Function

Here: The If-statement calls the IsValid Function. IsValid returns True if the Integer argument is within a certain range.

Boolean

So: If the Integer is within the specified range (10 to 100 inclusive) the inner block of the If-statement is reached.

VB.NET program that uses Function, If-statement

Module Module1

    ''' <summary>
    ''' See if size is valid.
    ''' </summary>
    Function IsValid(ByVal size As Integer) As Boolean
	' Returns true if size is within this range.
	Return size >= 10 And size <= 100
    End Function

    Sub Main()
	' Size variable.
	Dim size As Integer = 50

	' Call IsValid function in an If-expression.
	If IsValid(size) Then
	    Console.WriteLine("Valid size")
	End If
    End Sub

End Module

Output

Valid size

Locals. If-statements can become complex and hard to understand. It is sometimes possible to simplify them by adding local variables.

Here: We introduce a Boolean that stores whether the animal and size variables indicate a "big cat."

Then: We can test the isBigCat variable in the two If-statements. This reduces code repetition and makes the program easier to read.

Also: In some programs, we can use this approach to reduce expensive method calls by storing their results for later reuse.

VB.NET program that tests local variable

Module Module1

    Sub Main()
	Dim animal As String = "cat"
	Dim size As Integer = 10
	Dim color As String = "grey"

	' Store expression result in local variable.
	Dim isBigCat As Boolean = (animal = "cat" And size >= 8)

	' Test local variable.
	If isBigCat And color = "grey" Then
	    Console.WriteLine(True)
	End If

	If isBigCat And color = "white" Then
	    Console.WriteLine(False)
	End If
    End Sub

End Module

Output

True

Select Case. The If-statement is the most common selection statement. But we can instead use a Select-Case statement. This compares a value against a set of constants.

Select Case

Select Case, strings. For strings we also consider the Select-Case statement. This can lead to clearer syntax. But I found that no advanced Dictionary-based optimizations were applied.

So: Select Case on strings does not improve performance much over the If-statement in the VB.NET language.

Performance. There are many ways to optimize an If-statement. Often program performance analysis is complex. But these optimizations still have an effect.

1. Test common first. If-statements are evaluated in sequential order. The most common cases should be tested first.

2. Select Case. A Select-Case statement may improve performance. The Select-Case is implemented with a switch opcode.

Opcodes

3. Use Dictionary. A Dictionary collection uses hash lookups to locate values. For large data sets, this is much faster.

Dictionary

4. Store results. Assign the result of an expression to a variable. Then use that value, not complex If-statements, to test the condition.

A summary. If-statements are used throughout programs. They use a slightly different syntax form from many languages. We use the Not-keyword to test negatives for truth.

Related Links