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PostgreSQL SyntaxWe can see the syntax of all postgreSQL commands by using help command. Follow the following steps to see the syntax of all commands in postgreSQL.
All PostgreSQL commandsHere, we are providing a list of all postgreSQL commands and their syntax: ABORT command:Syntax: ABORT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ALTER AGGREGATE command:Syntax: ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) RENAME TO new_name ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) OWNER TO new_owner ALTER CONVERSION command:Syntax: ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO new_name ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER DATABASE command:Syntax: ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT } ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO new_name ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER DOMAIN command:Syntax: ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT } ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ] ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER FUNCTION command:Syntax: ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) RENAME TO new_name ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) OWNER TO new_owner ALTER GROUP command:Syntax: ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ] ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ] ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO new_name ALTER INDEX command:Syntax: ALTER INDEX name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE indexspace_name ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name ALTER LANGUAGE command:Syntax: ALTER LANGUAGE name RENAME TO new_name ALTER OPERATOR command:Syntax: ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } ) OWNER TO new_owner ALTER OPERATOR CLASS command:Syntax: ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO new_name ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO new_owner ALTER SCHEMA command:Syntax: ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO new_name ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER SEQUENCE command:Syntax: ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ] [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ] [ RESTART [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ] ALTER TABLE command:Syntax: ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ] action [, ... ] ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ] RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column ALTER TABLE name RENAME TO new_name ALTER TABLESPACE command:Syntax: ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO new_name ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER TRIGGER command:Syntax: ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO new_name ALTER TYPE command:Syntax: ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner ALTER USER command:Syntax: ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] ALTER USER name RENAME TO new_name ALTER USER name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT } ALTER USER name RESET parameter ANALYSE command:Syntax: ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ] BEGIN command:Syntax: BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ] CHECKPOINT command:Syntax: CHECKPOINT CLOSE command:Syntax: CLOSE name CLUSTER command:Syntax: CLUSTER index_name ON table_name CLUSTER table_name CLUSTER COMMIT command:Syntax: COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] COPY command:Syntax: COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ] FROM { 'filename' | STDIN } [ [ WITH ] [ BINARY ] [ OIDS ] [ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ] [ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ] [ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ] [ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ] [ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ] COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ] TO { 'filename' | STDOUT } [ [ WITH ] [ BINARY ] [ OIDS ] [ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ] [ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ] [ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ] [ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ] [ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ] CREATE AGGREGATE command:Syntax: CREATE AGGREGATE name ( BASETYPE = input_data_type, SFUNC = sfunc, STYPE = state_data_type [ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ] [ , INITCOND = initial_condition ] ) CREATE CAST command:Syntax: CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type) WITH FUNCTION func_name (arg_types) [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type) WITHOUT FUNCTION [ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ] CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER command:Syntax: CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name AFTER events ON table_name constraint attributes FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( args ) CREATE CONVERSION command:Syntax: CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM func_name CREATE DATABASE command:Syntax: CREATE DATABASE name [ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] db_owner ] [ TEMPLATE [=] template ] [ ENCODING [=] encoding ] [ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ] ] CREATE DOMAIN command:Syntax: CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type [ DEFAULT expression ] [ constraint [ ... ] ] CREATE FUNCTION command:Syntax: CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] ) RETURNS ret_type { LANGUAGE lang_name | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER | AS 'definition' | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol' } ... [ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ] CREATE GROUP command:Syntax: CREATE GROUP name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] Where option can be: SYSID gid | USER username [, ...] CREATE INDEX command:Syntax: CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX name ON table [ USING method ] ( { column | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [, ...] ) [ TABLESPACE tablespace ] [ WHERE predicate ] CREATE LANGUAGE command:Syntax: CREATE [ TRUSTED ] [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name HANDLER call_handler [ VALIDATOR val_function ] CREATE OPERATOR command:Syntax: CREATE OPERATOR name ( PROCEDURE = func_name [, LEFTARG = left_type ] [, RIGHTARG = right_type ] [, COMMUTATOR = com_op ] [, NEGATOR = neg_op ] [, RESTRICT = res_proc ] [, JOIN = join_proc ] [, HASHES ] [, MERGES ] [, SORT1 = left_sort_op ] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op ] [, LTCMP = less_than_op ] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op ] ) CREATE OPERATOR CLASS command:Syntax: CREATE OPERATOR CLASS name [ DEFAULT ] FOR TYPE data_type USING index_method AS { OPERATOR strategy_number operator_name [ ( op_type, op_type ) ] [ RECHECK ] | FUNCTION support_number func_name ( argument_type [, ...] ) | STORAGE storage_type } [, ... ] CREATE RULE command:Syntax: CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE name AS ON event TO table [ WHERE condition ] DO [ ALSO | INSTEAD ] { NOTHING | command | ( command ; command ... ) } CREATE SCHEMA command:Syntax: CREATE SCHEMA schema_name [ AUTHORIZATION username ] [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION username [ schema_element [ ... ] ] CREATE SEQUENCE command:Syntax: CREATE [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ] [ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ] [ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ] [ START [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ] CREATE TABLE:Syntax: CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name ( { column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ] [ column_constraint [ ... ] ] | table_constraint | LIKE parent_table [ { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } DEFAULTS ] } [, ... ] ) [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ] [ WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace ] CREATE TABLE AS command:Syntax: CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } ] TABLE table_name [ (column_name [, ...] ) ] [ [ WITH | WITHOUT ] OIDS ] AS query CREATE TABLESPACE command:Syntax: CREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name [ OWNER username ] LOCATION 'directory' CRFEATE TRIGGER command:Syntax: CREATE TRIGGER name { BEFORE | AFTER } { event [ OR ... ] } ON table [ FOR [ EACH ] { ROW | STATEMENT } ] EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( arguments ) CREATE TYPE command:Syntax: CREATE TYPE name AS ( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] ) CREATE TYPE name ( INPUT = input_function, OUTPUT = output_function [ , RECEIVE = receive_function ] [ , SEND = send_function ] [ , ANALYZE = analyze_function ] [ , INTERNALLENGTH = { internal_length | VARIABLE } ] [ , PASSEDBYVALUE ] [ , ALIGNMENT = alignment ] [ , STORAGE = storage ] [ , DEFAULT = default ] [ , ELEMENT = element ] [ , DELIMITER = delimiter ] ) CREATE USER command:Syntax: CREATE USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ] CREATE VIEW command:Syntax: CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] VIEW name [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ] AS query DEALLOCATE command:Syntax: DEALLOCATE [ PREPARE ] plan_name DECLARE command:Syntax: DECLARE name [ BINARY ] [ INSENSITIVE ] [ [ NO ] SCROLL ] CURSOR [ { WITH | WITHOUT } HOLD ] FOR query [ FOR { READ ONLY | UPDATE [ OF column [, ...] ] } ] DELETE command:Syntax: DELETE FROM [ ONLY ] table [ WHERE condition ] DROP AGGREGATE command:Syntax: DROP AGGREGATE name ( type ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CAST command:Syntax: DROP CAST (source_type AS target_type) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP CONVERSION command:Syntax: DROP CONVERSION name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP DATABASE command:Syntax: DROP DATABASE name DROP DOMAIN command:Syntax: DROP DOMAIN name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP FUNCTION command:Syntax: DROP FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP GROUP command:Syntax: DROP GROUP name DROP INDEX command:Syntax: DROP INDEX name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP LANGUAGE command:Syntax: DROP [ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE name [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR command:Syntax: DROP OPERATOR name ( { left_type | NONE } , { right_type | NONE } ) [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP OPERATOR CLASS command:Syntax: DROP OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP RULE command:Syntax: DROP RULE name ON relation [CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SCHEMA command:Syntax: DROP SCHEMA name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP SEQUENCE command:Syntax: DROP SEQUENCE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLE command:Syntax: DROP TABLE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TABLESPACE command:Syntax: DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name DROP TRIGGER command:Syntax: DROP TRIGGER name ON table [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP TYPE command:Syntax: DROP TYPE name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] DROP USER command:Syntax: DROP USER name DROP VIEW command:Syntax: DROP VIEW name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ] END command:Syntax: END [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] EXECUTE command:Syntax: EXECUTE plan_name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ] EXPLAIN command:Syntax: EXPLAIN [ ANALYZE ] [ VERBOSE ] statement FETCH command:Syntax: FETCH [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name INSERT command:Syntax: INSERT INTO table [ ( column [, ...] ) ] { DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | query } LISTEN command:Syntax: LISTEN name LOAD command:Syntax: LOAD 'filename' LOCK commandSyntax: LOCK [ TABLE ] name [, ...] [ IN lock_mode MODE ] [ NOWAIT ] MOVE command:Syntax: MOVE [ direction { FROM | IN } ] cursor_name NOTIFY command:Syntax: NOTIFY name PREPARE command:Syntax: PREPARE plan_name [ (data_type [, ...] ) ] AS statement REINDEX command:Syntax: REINDEX { DATABASE | TABLE | INDEX } name [ FORCE ] RESET command:Syntax: RESET name RESET ALL ROLLBACK command:Syntax: ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT command:Syntax: ROLLBACK [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint_name SAVEPOINT command:Syntax: SAVEPOINT savepoint_name SELECT command:Syntax: SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ] * | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...] [ FROM from_item [, ...] ] [ WHERE condition ] [ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ] [ HAVING condition [, ...] ] [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ] [ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ] [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ] [ OFFSET start ] [ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ] SELECT INTO command:Syntax: SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( expression [, ...] ) ] ] * | expression [ AS output_name ] [, ...] INTO [ TEMPORARY | TEMP ] [ TABLE ] new_table [ FROM from_item [, ...] ] [ WHERE condition ] [ GROUP BY expression [, ...] ] [ HAVING condition [, ...] ] [ { UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT } [ ALL ] select ] [ ORDER BY expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ] [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ] [ OFFSET start ] [ FOR UPDATE [ OF table_name [, ...] ] ] SET command:Syntax: SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] name { TO | = } { value | 'value' | DEFAULT } SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] TIME ZONE { time_zone | LOCAL | DEFAULT } SET CONSTRAINTS command:Syntax: SET CONSTRAINTS { ALL | name [, ...] } { DEFERRED | IMMEDIATE } SET TRANSACTION command:Syntax: SET TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...] SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode [, ...] SHOW command:Syntax: SHOW name SHOW ALL START TRANSACTION:Syntax: START TRANSACTION [ transaction_mode [, ...] ] TRUNCATE TABLE command:Syntax: TRUNCATE [ TABLE ] name UPDATE command:Syntax: UPDATE [ ONLY ] table SET column = { expression | DEFAULT } [, ...] [ FROM from_list ] [ WHERE condition ]
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