F# If, elif and else Examples

Add branches with the if, elif and else keywords. Test conditions in programs.

If, elif. The forest has many trees, a pond, and some frogs in the pond. Are there 2 frogs, or 3 frogs? With a conditional statement we could test this information.

In our programs we usually use ifs to execute statements inside the blocks. But in F# we can use an if-construct to return a value. It is part of an expression.

An example. This program uses an if, elif, else construct. It first creates a string. Then it tests the length of this string in the if-statement.

If then: We must use the "then" keyword after the if-condition. A "then" is also required for an elif, but not an else.

Equals: We use a single equals sign to test for equality in an expression. The expression of an if-statement must be in parentheses.

F# program that uses if, elif and else let animal = "bird" // Test the length of the string. if (animal.Length = 1) then // Not reached. printfn "A" elif (animal.Length = 2) then // Not reached. printfn "B" else // This statement is reached. printfn "C" Output C

If inside let. An if-statement can be used to return a value (as an expression). We can embed an if in more complex statements. Here we assign the value of "result" with an if.

Info: The program sets the value of result to 1 if count is equal to or greater than 200. It also has two other conditions.

F# program that uses if inside let statement let count = 50 // Use an if, elif, else construct within a variable assignment. let result = if count >= 200 then 1 elif count <= 100 then 2 else 3 // Write results. printfn "%A" count printfn "%A" result Output 50 2

Not. There is no "!=" operator for ints in F#. To see if an int does not equal a value, we use the equals operator and then surround that expression with the "not" operator.

F# program that uses if-not let code = 10 // Use an if-not statement to test a variable. if not (code = 5) then printfn "Not five!" Output Not five!

Match versus if. We can write a logical test with a match or an if-expression. The syntax for match is closer to a "switch" in C-like languages. A match may be easier to use an expression.

TestPrint: This statement creates a function that tests its argument "v" and prints a statement based on its value. It uses "match."

TestPrintIf: This does the same thing but uses an if-statement. You can see this version looks more like C# or C code.

F# program that uses match, if expressions // We can use a match to handle the argument. let testPrint v = match v with | 0 | 1 | 2 -> printfn "[MATCH] branch A: %A" v | _ -> printfn "[MATCH] branch B: %A" v // We can use an if-else to handle the argument. let testPrintIf v = if v = 0 || v = 1 || v = 2 then printfn "[IF] branch A: %A" v else printfn "[IF] branch B: %A" v // Test functions. testPrint 0 testPrint 9 testPrintIf 0 testPrintIf 9 Output [MATCH] branch A: 0 [MATCH] branch B: 9 [IF] branch A: 0 [IF] branch B: 9

Convert bool to int. F# offers no C-like ternary operator. Instead, we use inline if-expressions. With an if-expression we can convert a bool to an int.Convert: bool to int

A review. An if-block operates in F# much like in other languages. But it has a special feature. It can evaluate an if as an expression, which can return values or be used in assignments.

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F# If, elif and else Examples

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