Scala If, Else Example (Match Case If)

Use an if, else if and else construct to test values. See the match case if syntax.

If, else. A number is 10. It is not 20. But when we run our program we do not know this. We must use an if, else-if statement to test its value.

An expression. In Scala an if-else construct returns a value—the result of the expression. After the condition we specify the return value. No return statement is needed.

First example. Let us begin. First we assign the var number to the value 10. We then use an if, else-if statement. We use println in the blocks.

Result: The program prints "Not 20 or 30" because the number is 10. The if and else-if conditions do not evaluate to true.

Scala program that uses if, else-if, else statements var number = 10 // Test number if an if, else-if, else construct. if (number == 20) println(20) else if (number == 30) println(30) else println("Not 20 or 30") Output Not 20 or 30

Expression result. An if-statement in Scala returns a value. So we can assign a value to an if-else expression. This returns the values specified after the conditions.

Here: The size is set to 20 if the animal is "bird." Otherwise size is set to 10.

Scala program that uses expression result var animal = "bird" // Use an if-else expression. // ... This returns 20 or 10 based on the animal. val size = if (animal == "bird") 20 else 10 // Print result of if-else. println(size) Output 20

If versus match. Here we convert an if-else expression into a match expression. The if-else uses fewer characters and lines. But the match may be clearer and easier to add more cases to.

Scala program that tests if, match val x = 100 // Use if-statement to set value of y1 based on x. val y1 = if (x == 100) 20 else 30 // Use match to set value of y2 based on x. // ... Equivalent to above if-statement. val y2 = x match { case 100 => 20 case _ => 30 } // Print results. println(y1) println(y2) Output 20 20

If inside match. We can use guarded cases inside a match construct. These use an if-expression as part of the case. We capture a variable ("c") to be used later in the case.

Tip: With guarded cases, we can use more complex expressions to test inside a match. We combine if-statements with pattern matching.

Scala program that uses if inside case // Print a message based on Int argument. // ... Use if-statement inside cases to determine message. def printMessage(code: Int) = code match { case c if c > 0 => println("Important, code is " + c) case c if c <= 0 => println("Not important, code is " + c) } // Call def. printMessage(1) printMessage(-50) Output Important, code is 1 Not important, code is -50

Match, continued. An alternative to the if-construct is match. This may be clearer in some cases. We think of match more like a traditional switch in C-like languages.Match

A summary. In Scala we use if-else statements in an expression context. This makes an if-construct similar to a function. It has logic and returns values.

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Scala If, Else Example (Match Case If)

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