C++ multiset value_comp() function

C++ multiset value_comp() Function with Examples on tutorial for beginners and professionals with examples on multiset, begin(), end(), multiset constructor, ~multiset destructor, operator=, rbegin(), rend() etc.

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C++ multiset value_comp()

C++ Multiset value_comp() function returns a comparison object. This function is used to compare two elements to check whether the key of the first one goes before the second.

It takes two arguments of the same type and returns true if the first argument precedes the second argument according to the narrower weak order, otherwise returns false.

E.g.: - For a multiset m, if two elements e1(k1, d1) and e2( k2, d2) are objects of type value_type, where k1 and k2 are their keys of type key_type and d1 and d2 are their data, then m value_comp( e1 , e2 ) is equivalent to m key_comp(k1, k2).

Syntax

value_compare value_comp() const;

Note: A stored object defines a member function:

bool-operator (value_type &left, value_type &right);

It returns true if the value of the left key precedes and does not equal the value of the key from right in the sort order.

Parameter

None

Return value

It returns a value comparison function object.

Complexity

Constant.

Iterator validity

No changes.

Data Races

The container is accessed.

No contained elements are accessed: Concurrently accessing the elements of a multiset is safe.

Exception Safety

If an exception is thrown, there are no changes in the container.

Example 1

Let's see the simple example to compare values of elements:

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
  multiset<int> c;
  multiset<int>::value_compare comp = c.value_comp();

  cout << "Compare 2 to 5 (1 is true and 0 is false): "<<comp(2, 5) << endl;
  cout << "Compare 8 to 5 (1 is true and 0 is false): "<<comp(8, 5) << endl;
  
  return 0;
}

Output:

Compare 2 to 5 (1 is true and 0 is false): 1
Compare 8 to 5 (1 is true and 0 is false): 0

In the above example, comp(2, 5) returns true because 2 is less than 5. And comp(8, 5) returns false because 8 is not less than 5.

Example 2

Let's see a simple example:

#include <iostream>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

int main ()
{
  multiset<int> mymultiset;

  multiset<int>::value_compare mycomp = mymultiset.value_comp();

  for (int i=0; i<=5; i++) mymultiset.insert(i);

  cout << "mymultiset contains:";

  int highest=*mymultiset.rbegin();
  multiset<int>::iterator it=mymultiset.begin();
  do {
    cout << ' ' << *it;
  } while ( mycomp(*(++it),highest) );

  cout << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

mymultiset contains: 0 1 2 3 4

In the above example, highest variable stores the last element of the mymultiset multiset and iterator initialized with first element of the multiset (in sorted order). Do-while loop is used to print the element of the multiset where the loop will run until first key is less than last key (for this it is using key_comp() function named as mycomp).

Example 3

Let's see a simple example:

#include <set>
#include <iostream>

int main( )
{
   using namespace std;

   multiset <int, less<int> > s1;
   multiset <int, less<int> >::value_compare vc1 = s1.value_comp( );
   bool result1 = vc1( 2, 3 );
   if( result1 == true )   
   {
      cout << "vc1( 2,3 ) returns value of true, "
           << "where vc1 is the function object of s1."
           << endl;
   }
   else   
   {
      cout << "vc1( 2,3 ) returns value of false, "
           << "where vc1 is the function object of s1."
           << endl;
   }

   multiset <int, greater<int> > s2;
   multiset<int, greater<int> >::value_compare vc2 = s2.value_comp( );
   bool result2 = vc2( 2, 3 );
   if( result2 == true )   
   {
      cout << "vc2( 2,3 ) returns value of true, "
           << "where vc2 is the function object of s2."
           << endl;
   }
   else   
   {
      cout << "vc2( 2,3 ) returns value of false, "
           << "where vc2 is the function object of s2."
           << endl;
   }
}

Output:

vc1( 2,3 ) returns value of true, where vc1 is the function object of s1.
vc2( 2,3 ) returns value of false, where vc2 is the function object of s2.

Example 4

Let's see a simple example to show the difference between key_comp() and value_comp():

#include <set>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(){

multiset<int> mymultiset;
int highest1, highest2;

multiset<int>::key_compare   myCompKeyForMultiset = mymultiset.key_comp();
multiset<int>::value_compare myCompValForMultiset = mymultiset.value_comp();

for (int i=0; i<=5; i++) {
  mymultiset.insert(i);
}

highest1=*mymultiset.rbegin();
multiset<int>::iterator it=mymultiset.begin();
while ( myCompKeyForMultiset(*it, highest1) ) it++;
cout << "\nhighest1 is " << highest1;  // prints 5

highest2 = *mymultiset.rbegin();
it=mymultiset.begin();
while ( myCompValForMultiset(*it, highest2) ) it++;
cout << "\nhighest2 is " << highest2;   // prints 5

return 0;
}

Output:

highest1 is 5
highest2 is 5

In the above example, when we compare key_comp() and value_comp() then for such multiset containers these two words are the same. For both type of functions it will return the same value.

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C++ multiset value_comp() function

C++ multiset value_comp()

Syntax

Note: A stored object defines a member function:

Parameter

Return value

Complexity

Iterator validity

Data Races

Exception Safety

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

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