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Android Bluetooth Tutorial

Android Bluetooth Tutorial with examples of Activity and Intent, Fragments, Menu, Service, alarm manager, storage, sqlite, xml, json, multimedia, speech, web service, telephony, animation and graphics

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Android Bluetooth Tutorial

Bluetooth is a way to exchange data with other devices wirelessly. Android provides Bluetooth API to perform several tasks such as:

  • scan bluetooth devices
  • connect and transfer data from and to other devices
  • manage multiple connections etc.

Android Bluetooth API

The android.bluetooth package provides a lot of interfaces classes to work with bluetooth such as:

  • BluetoothAdapter
  • BluetoothDevice
  • BluetoothSocket
  • BluetoothServerSocket
  • BluetoothClass
  • BluetoothProfile
  • BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener
  • BluetoothHeadset
  • BluetoothA2dp
  • BluetoothHealth
  • BluetoothHealthCallback
  • BluetoothHealthAppConfiguration
android-preferences-example

BluetoothAdapter class

By the help of BluetoothAdapter class, we can perform fundamental tasks such as initiate device discovery, query a list of paired (bonded) devices, create a BluetoothServerSocket instance to listen for connection requests etc.

Constants of BluetoothAdapter class

BluetoothAdapter class provides many constants. Some of them are as follows:

  • String ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE
  • String ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE
  • String ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED
  • String ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED

Methods of BluetoothAdapter class

Commonly used methods of BluetoothAdapter class are as follows:

  • static synchronized BluetoothAdapter getDefaultAdapter() returns the instance of BluetoothAdapter.
  • boolean enable() enables the bluetooth adapter if it is disabled.
  • boolean isEnabled() returns true if the bluetooth adapter is enabled.
  • boolean disable() disables the bluetooth adapter if it is enabled.
  • String getName() returns the name of the bluetooth adapter.
  • boolean setName(String name) changes the bluetooth name.
  • int getState() returns the current state of the local bluetooth adapter.
  • Set<BluetoothDevice> getBondedDevices() returns a set of paired (bonded) BluetoothDevice objects.
  • boolean startDiscovery() starts the discovery process.

Android Bluetooth Example: enable, disable and make discovrable bluetooth programmatically

You need to write few lines of code only, to enable or disable the bluetooth.

activity_main.xml

Drag one textview and three buttons from the pallete, now the activity_main.xml file will like this:

File: activity_main.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:androclass="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <TextView android:text=""
     android:id="@+id/out" 
     android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
     android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    </TextView>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_marginLeft="30dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="49dp"
        android:text="TURN_ON" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_marginTop="27dp"
        android:text="DISCOVERABLE" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_below="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_marginTop="28dp"
        android:text="TURN_OFF" />

</RelativeLayout>

Provide Permission

You need to provide following permissions in AndroidManifest.xml file.

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

The full code of AndroidManifest.xml file is given below.

File: AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:androclass="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.bluetooth"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="16" />

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.bluetooth.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

Activity class

Let's write the code to enable, disable and make bluetooth discoverable.

File: MainActivity.java
package com.example.bluetooth;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
      private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 0;
      private static final int REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT = 0;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    final TextView out=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.out);
    final Button button1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
    final Button button2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);
    final Button button3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button3);
    final BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
    if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
       out.append("device not supported");
    }
    button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v) {
            if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
                startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
            }
        }
    });
    button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
     @Override
        public void onClick(View arg0) {
            if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                  //out.append("MAKING YOUR DEVICE DISCOVERABLE");
                   Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "MAKING YOUR DEVICE DISCOVERABLE",
			 Toast.LENGTH_LONG);

                Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
                startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT);
                  
            }
        }
    });
    button3.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View arg0) {   
            mBluetoothAdapter.disable();
            //out.append("TURN_OFF BLUETOOTH");
            Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "TURNING_OFF BLUETOOTH", Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
         
            }
    });
}

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

}

You need to run it on the real device (e.g. mobile) to test the application.

Next topics of android bluetooth tutorial:

android bluetooth list paired devices example

Next TopicAndroid Bluetooth List Paired Devices Example






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