Python Date

python date - A simple and easy to learn tutorial on various python topics such as loops, strings, lists, dictionary, tuples, date, time, files, functions, modules, methods and exceptions.

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Python Date and time

Python provides the datetime module work with real dates and times. In real-world applications, we need to work with the date and time. Python enables us to schedule our Python script to run at a particular timing.

In Python, the date is not a data type, but we can work with the date objects by importing the module named with datetime, time, and calendar.

In this section of the tutorial, we will discuss how to work with the date and time objects in Python.

The datetime classes are classified in the six main classes.

date - It is a naive ideal date. It consists of the year, month, and day as attributes.
time - It is a perfect time, assuming every day has precisely 24*60*60 seconds. It has hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo as attributes.
datetime - It is a grouping of date and time, along with the attributes year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, and tzinfo.
timedelta - It represents the difference between two dates, time or datetime instances to microsecond resolution.
tzinfo - It provides time zone information objects.
timezone - It is included in the new version of Python. It is the class that implements the tzinfo abstract base class.

Tick

In Python, the time instants are counted since 12 AM, 1st January 1970. The function time() of the module time returns the total number of ticks spent since 12 AM, 1st January 1970. A tick can be seen as the smallest unit to measure the time.

Consider the following example

import time;
#prints the number of ticks spent since 12 AM, 1st January 1970
print(time.time())

Output:

1585928913.6519969

How to get the current time?

The localtime() functions of the time module are used to get the current time tuple. Consider the following example.

Example

import time;  
  
#returns a time tuple   
  
print(time.localtime(time.time()))

Output:

time.struct_time(tm_year=2020, tm_mon=4, tm_mday=3, tm_hour=21, tm_min=21, tm_sec=40, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=94, tm_isdst=0)

Time tuple

The time is treated as the tuple of 9 numbers. Let's look at the members of the time tuple.

Index	Attribute	Values
0	Year	4 digit (for example 2018)
1	Month	1 to 12
2	Day	1 to 31
3	Hour	0 to 23
4	Minute	0 to 59
5	Second	0 to 60
6	Day of weak	0 to 6
7	Day of year	1 to 366
8	Daylight savings	-1, 0, 1 , or -1

Getting formatted time

The time can be formatted by using the asctime() function of the time module. It returns the formatted time for the time tuple being passed.

Example

import time  
  #returns the formatted time    

print(time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time())))

Output:

Tue Dec 18 15:31:39 2018

Python sleep time

The sleep() method of time module is used to stop the execution of the script for a given amount of time. The output will be delayed for the number of seconds provided as the float.

Consider the following example.

Example

import time
for i in range(0,5):
    print(i)
    #Each element will be printed after 1 second
    time.sleep(1)

Output:

The datetime Module

The datetime module enables us to create the custom date objects, perform various operations on dates like the comparison, etc.

To work with dates as date objects, we have to import the datetime module into the python source code.

Consider the following example to get the datetime object representation for the current time.

Example

import datetime
#returns the current datetime object   
print(datetime.datetime.now())

Output:

2020-04-04 13:18:35.252578

Creating date objects

We can create the date objects bypassing the desired date in the datetime constructor for which the date objects are to be created.

Consider the following example.

Example

import datetime  
#returns the datetime object for the specified date  
print(datetime.datetime(2020,04,04))

Output:

2020-04-04 00:00:00

We can also specify the time along with the date to create the datetime object. Consider the following example.

Example

import datetime
  
#returns the datetime object for the specified time    
  
print(datetime.datetime(2020,4,4,1,26,40))

Output:

2020-04-04 01:26:40

In the above code, we have passed in datetime() function year, month, day, hour, minute, and millisecond attributes in a sequential manner.

Comparison of two dates

We can compare two dates by using the comparison operators like >, >=, <, and <=.

Consider the following example.

Example

from datetime import datetime as dt  
#Compares the time. If the time is in between 8AM and 4PM, then it prints working hours otherwise it prints fun hours  
if dt(dt.now().year,dt.now().month,dt.now().day,8)<dt.now()<dt(dt.now().year,dt.now().month,dt.now().day,16):  
    print("Working hours....")  
else:  
    print("fun hours")

Output:

fun hours

The calendar module

Python provides a calendar object that contains various methods to work with the calendars.

Consider the following example to print the calendar for the last month of 2018.

Example

import calendar;  
cal = calendar.month(2020,3)  
#printing the calendar of December 2018  
print(cal)

Output:

March 2020
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
                   1
 2  3  4  5  6  7  8
 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31

Printing the calendar of whole year

The prcal() method of calendar module is used to print the calendar of the entire year. The year of which the calendar is to be printed must be passed into this method.

Example

import calendar  
#printing the calendar of the year 2019  
s = calendar.prcal(2020)

Output:

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TheDeveloperBlog.com

Python Date

Python Date and time

Tick

How to get the current time?

Time tuple

Getting formatted time

Python sleep time

The datetime Module

Creating date objects

Comparison of two dates

The calendar module

Printing the calendar of whole year

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