Python dir() function with Examples

Python dir() function with Examples on append(), clear(), extend(), insert(), pop(), remove(), index(), count(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), copy(), all(), bool(), enumerate(), iter(), map(), min(), max(), sum() etc.

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Python dir() Function

Python dir() function returns the list of names in the current local scope. If the object on which method is called has a method named __dir__(), this method will be called and must return the list of attributes. It takes a single object type argument. The signature of the function is given below.

Signature

dir ([object])

Parameters

object: It takes an optional parameter.

Return

It returns a list of valid attributes of the object.

Let's see some examples of dir() function to understand it's functionality.

Python dir() Function Example 1

Let's create a simple example to get a list of valid attributes. It takes a single parameter which is optional.

# Python dir() function example
# Calling function
att = dir()
# Displaying result
print(att)

Output:

['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__',
 '__spec__']

Python dir() Function Example 2

If we pass a parameter to this function, it returns attributes related to that object. See an example below.

# Python dir() function example
lang = ("C","C++","Java","Python")
# Calling function
att = dir(lang)
# Displaying result
print(att)

Output:

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__',
'__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', 
'__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', 
'__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index']

Python dir() Function Example 3

# Python dir() function example
class Student():
    def __init__(self,x):
        return self.x
# Calling function
att = dir(Student)
# Displaying result
print(att)

Output:

['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__']

Python dir() Function Example 4

If dir() function is already defined in the object, the function will be called.

# Python dir() function example
class Student():
    def __dir__(self):
        return [10,20,30]
# Calling function
s = Student()
att = dir(s)
# Displaying result
print(att)

Output:

[10, 20, 30]

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Python dir() function with Examples

Python dir() Function

Signature

Parameters

Return

Python dir() Function Example 1

Python dir() Function Example 2

Python dir() Function Example 3

Python dir() Function Example 4

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