C# decimal Examples

Use the decimal number type to store numeric data. Call methods like decimal.Ceiling and Floor.

Decimal. This type accurately stores numeric data. The .NET Framework offers decimal for programs where rounding errors are harmful.Keywords

Notes, decimal. Decimal stores large and small numbers with many digits after the decimal place. We access methods like decimal.Ceiling and Floor, and measure its memory use.

Operators. Decimal is a value type. It can be manipulated with the standard numeric operators in the C# language. These include the plus, minus, multiply and divide operators.

Also: You can test decimal values with the equality operator == and print decimals to the Console.

Console

C# program that uses decimal operators using System; class Program { static void Main() { decimal d = 1.0M; // Test decimal. if (d == 1.0M) { Console.WriteLine(d); } decimal y = 0.5M; // Add decimal. y += d; Console.WriteLine(y); // Subtract and multiply decimal. y -= (d * 2); Console.WriteLine(y); } } Output 1.0 1.5 -0.5

Constants. If you want to know the maximum or minimum value, access the MaxValue and MinValue constants. You can also use the One, Zero, and MinusOne constants.const

C# program that reveals decimal constants using System; class Program { static void Main() { Console.WriteLine(decimal.MaxValue); Console.WriteLine(decimal.MinValue); Console.WriteLine(decimal.One); Console.WriteLine(decimal.Zero); Console.WriteLine(decimal.MinusOne); } } Output 79228162514264337593543950335 -79228162514264337593543950335 1 0 -1

Floor, Ceiling. When using decimal, you should call methods available on the decimal class instead of those in the Math class for accuracy reasons.

Info: When you take the ceiling of 1.1, you get 2. When you take the floor of that same number, you receive 1.

Math.Ceiling Math.Floor

So: Ceiling is the integer above the number and the floor is the integer below the number.

C# program that uses Ceiling and Floor methods using System; class Program { static void Main() { Console.WriteLine(decimal.Ceiling(1.1M)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.Floor(1.1M)); } } Output 2 1

Arithmetic. To improve the clarity of decimal manipulations, you can use the Add, Multiply, Subtract and Divide methods. Each of these methods receives two arguments.

C# program that uses math methods using System; class Program { static void Main() { Console.WriteLine(decimal.Add(1.1M, 1.3M)); // Add Console.WriteLine(decimal.Multiply(5.0M, 2.0M)); // Five times two Console.WriteLine(decimal.Subtract(2.0M, 1.0M)); // Two minus one Console.WriteLine(decimal.Divide(10M, 2M)); // Ten divided by two } } Output 2.4 10.00 1.0 5

Remainder. When doing important computations with money, you may want to get the remainder of a division. The remainder is the part left over after the division completes.

Here: We use the Remainder() method. We show that the remainder of 2 divided by 1.5 is 0.5.

Tip: This is because the 0.5 is left over after the division occurred. This is called the remainder.

C# program that uses Remainder method using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Remainder of 2 divided by 1.5 is 0.5 Console.WriteLine(decimal.Remainder(2.0M, 1.5M)); } } Output 0.5

Truncate. This method erases all the numbers after the decimal place. It doesn't take into consideration whether the number would be rounded up or rounded down.

Here: This program shows that when we truncate 4.55, we get the number 4. Truncate returns a value of type decimal.

Info: Truncate is similar to casting down, as with (int), but has different behavior on values that cannot be represented with int.

Int, uint Cast, Int

C# program that uses Truncate method using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Truncate removes the digits after the decimal place. Console.WriteLine(decimal.Truncate(4.55M)); } } Output 4

Negate. Negate makes positive decimals negative, and makes negative decimals positive. You could duplicate this functionality by multiplying by negative one.

C# program that uses Negate method using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Makes positive numbers negative, and negative numbers positive. Console.WriteLine(decimal.Negate(1.5M)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.Negate(-1.5M)); } } Output -1.5 1.5

Round, MidpointRounding. The decimal.Round method by default rounds down or up to the specified decimal place. You can specify the MidpointRounding to further define the required behavior.

Note: The ToEven value means that when a number needs to be rounded, it is always rounded to the nearest even number.

Note 2: The AwayFromZero value means that numbers are rounded up for positive numbers and down for negative numbers.

C# program that uses decimal.Round using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Round to one decimal place. Console.WriteLine(decimal.Round(1.59M, 1)); // Demonstrate MidpointRounding enumeration. Console.WriteLine(decimal.Round(2.5M, 0, MidpointRounding.ToEven)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.Round(2.5M, 0, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)); } } Output 1.6 2 3

Parse, TryParse. The decimal.Parse method will throw an exception if you feed it an incorrectly-formatted value. TryParse will handle errors by returning a false value.

Tip: You should use Parse if you expect all input will be correct, and TryParse if you expect errors to be common.

int.Parse

C# program that parses strings into decimals using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Use Parse on arguments that are always correct. decimal value = decimal.Parse("100.01"); Console.WriteLine(value); // Use TryParse when errors are expected. decimal value2; if (decimal.TryParse("perl", out value2)) { Console.WriteLine("Not reached"); } } } Output 100.01

Convert. It is sometimes wasteful to store many decimals. You can use the "To" methods on the decimal type to convert to smaller memory representations of the number.

Caution: Exceptions occur if the conversion cannot be done because the decimal value is too large to be represented in the target type.

C# program that converts from decimal type using System; class Program { static void Main() { const decimal input = 5; // Convert this decimal into other compatible types. Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToByte(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToDouble(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToInt16(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToInt32(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToInt64(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToSByte(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToSingle(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToUInt16(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToUInt32(input)); Console.WriteLine(decimal.ToUInt64(input)); } } Output 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Memory. Decimal values require 16 bytes. The decimal type is a value type. It requires more memory than most other value types used commonly in the C# language.

Program: We show the byte size of the decimal type is equal to 16 bytes. The program allocates an array of one million decimal elements.

Info: The GC.GetTotalMemory method is used to acquire an estimate of the number of bytes allocated in the managed heap.

C# program that measures array of decimals using System; class Program { const int _count = 1000000; // One million decimals static void Main() { long bytes1 = GC.GetTotalMemory(true); // // Allocate an array of decimal values. // ... Assign an element to make the allocation not optimized out. // decimal[] array = new decimal[_count]; long bytes2 = GC.GetTotalMemory(true); array[1] = 0.1M; // // Compute the memory usage of the decimal type. // long difference = bytes2 - bytes1; double per = (double)difference / _count; Console.WriteLine("Program used: {0:0.0} MB", (double)difference / (1024 * 1024)); Console.WriteLine("Each decimal element required: {0:0.0} bytes", per); } } Output Program used: 15.3 MB Each decimal element required: 16.0 bytes

Sizeof. Sizeof can be used on value types to return the number of bytes stored in the value type. If we run a program that evaluates sizeof(decimal), we see that it returns the integer 16.Sizeof

FromOACurrency, ToOACurrency. Decimal provides FromOACurrency and ToOACurrency. FromOACurrency receives an OA value and converts it into a decimal.

And: ToOACurrency takes a decimal and converts it into an OA value. OA values are a Microsoft-specific encoding.

FromOADate

Note: You should only use these methods if you are translating Excel spreadsheets or certain Microsoft database formats.

A summary. The decimal type is a powerful and accurate representation for number data in memory. It is valuable for representing important quantities like amounts of money.

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C# decimal Examples

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