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C# Single Method: Get Element If Only One Matches
Use the Single extension from System.Linq: get an element if only one match is found.Single. This method searches for single instances. It is found in System.Linq. With it, we search a collection for a single instance of an element matching a condition. If the collection has any number other than one element, we get an exception.SingleOrDefaultLINQ
Example. This program creates an array of 5 ints. Only one of the elements is greater than 999. Next, Single is called with a Predicate lambda expression. After this, the parameterless Single method is called on an array with only one element.Predicate
And: The Single method, when only one match is found, returns that one element.
C# program that uses Single method
using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
// Find only element > 999.
int[] array1 = { 1, 3, 1000, 4, 5 };
int value1 = array1.Single(element => element > 999);
// Ensure only one element.
int[] array2 = { 4 };
int value2 = array2.Single();
Console.WriteLine(value1);
Console.WriteLine(value2);
// See exception when more than one element found.
try
{
int value3 = array1.Single(element => element > 0);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.GetType());
}
}
}
Output
1000
4
System.InvalidOperationException
What happens if no single matching element is found? The program shows the Single method in a failure case. It tries to find a Single matching the predicate of > 0. There are five matching elements, so an exception is thrown.
Note: The type of the exception is System.InvalidOperationException. This exception is used throughout the .NET Framework.
Discussion. Is Single a useful method? Unfortunately, methods that can throw an exception in a normal circumstance such as Single may be less useful. Perhaps the Single method is best used as a runtime assert.
So: If your program must have a single instance of a certain element, then it can be used to alert you to serious errors.
However, in normal programs where there may be more than a single element, the exception will cause serious performance degradation. Your code could probably be clearer if written in another way.
Summary. The Single method provides a way to ensure there is a single element matching a condition. If no condition is required, the method ensures that the source collection has only one element.
Caution: This method is not useful in all programs that need to determine if a single element exists because of its exception behavior.
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- C# StartsWith and EndsWith String Methods
- C# Static Array
- C# Static Dictionary
- C# Stopwatch Examples
- C# Stream
- C# StreamReader ReadToEnd Example (Read Entire File)
- C# StreamReader ReadToEndAsync Example (Performance)
- C# StreamReader Examples
- C# StreamWriter Examples
- C# String Append (Add Strings)
- C# String Compare and CompareTo Methods
- C# String Constructor (new string)
- C# string.Copy Method
- C# CopyTo String Method: Put Chars in Array
- C# Empty String Examples
- C# String Equals Examples
- C# String For Loop, Count Spaces in String
- C# string.Intern and IsInterned
- C# String IsUpper, IsLower
- C# String Length Property: Get Character Count
- C# String Literal: Newline and Quote Examples
- C# StringBuilder Capacity
- C# StringBuilder Clear (Set Length to Zero)
- C# StringBuilder Data Types
- C# StringBuilder Performance
- C# StringBuilder Equals (If Chars Are Equal)
- C# StringBuilder Memory
- C# StringBuilder ToString: Get String From StringBuilder
- C# StringWriter Class
- C# Sum Method: Add up All Numbers
- C# Switch Char, Test Chars With Cases
- C# Switch Enum
- C# System (using System namespace)
- C# Tag Property: Windows Forms
- C# TextInfo Examples
- C# TextReader, Returned by File.OpenText
- C# TextWriter, Returned by File.CreateText
- C# this Keyword
- C# ThreadPool
- C# Thread Join Method (Join Array of Threads)
- C# ThreadPool.SetMinThreads Method
- C# TimeZone Examples
- C# Get Title From HTML With Regex
- C# ToArray Extension Method
- C# ToCharArray: Convert String to Array
- C# ToDictionary Method
- C# Token
- C# ToList Extension Method
- C# ToLookup Method (Get ILookup)
- C# ToLower and ToUpper: Uppercase and Lowercase Strings
- ToolStripContainer Control: Dock, Properties
- C# ToolTip: Windows Forms
- C# ToString Integer Optimization
- C# ToString: Get String From Object
- C# ToTitleCase Method
- C# TrackBar: Windows Forms
- C# Tree and Nodes Example: Directed Acyclic Word Graph
- C# TreeView Tutorial
- C# Trim Strings
- C# Thread Methods
- C# History
- C# Features
- C# Variables
- C# Data Types
- C# Operators
- C# Keywords
- C# New Features | C# Version Features
- C# Programs
- C# Program to swap numbers without third variable
- C# Program to convert Decimal to Binary
- C# Program to Convert Number in Characters
- C# Program to Print Alphabet Triangle
- C# Program to print Number Triangle
- C# Program to generate Fibonacci Triangle
- C# String Compare() method
- C# String CompareOrdinal() method
- C# String CompareTo() method
- C# String Concat() method
- C# String Contains() method
- C# String CopyTo() method
- C# String EndsWith() method
- C# String Equals() method
- C# String Format() method
- C# String IndexOf() method
- C# String Insert() method
- C# String Intern(String str) method
- C# String IsInterned() method
- C# String Normalize() method
- C# String IsNullOrEmpty() method
- C# String IsNullOrWhiteSpace() method
- C# String Join() method
- C# String LastIndexOf() method
- C# String LastIndexOfAny() method
- C# String PadLeft() method
- C# String PadRight() method
- C# Nullable
- C# String Remove() method
- C# String Replace() method
- C# String Split() method
- C# String StartsWith() method
- C# String SubString() method
- C# Partial Types
- C# Iterators
- C# Delegate Covariance
- C# Delegate Inference
- C# Anonymous Types
- C# Extension Methods
- C# Query Expression
- C# Partial Method
- C# Implicitly Typed Local Variable
- C# Object and Collection Initializer
- C# Auto Implemented Properties
- C# Dynamic Binding
- C# Named and Optional Arguments
- C# Asynchronous Methods
- C# Caller Info Attributes
- C# Using Static Directive
- C# Exception Filters
- C# Await in Catch Finally Blocks
- C# Default Values for Getter Only Properties
- C# Expression Bodied Members
- C# Null Propagator
- C# String Interpolation
- C# nameof operator
- C# Dictionary Initializer
- C# Pattern Matching
- C# Tuples
- C# Deconstruction
- C# Local Functions
- C# Binary Literals
- C# Ref Returns and Locals
- C# Expression Bodied Constructors and Finalizers
- C# Expression Bodied Getters and Setters
- C# Async Main
- C# Default Expression