C# Math Type

Use the Math type. This type offers many mathematical functions ready to deploy.

Math. This is a class in the System namespace. The .NET Framework provides many built-in mathematical methods. These are easier to use than custom expressions.

Math methods. These methods are tested and easy to access. This page contains information on some less-common math methods like Sign and DivRem.

Sign. Is a number positive or negative? The Math.Sign method will help you determine this. Math.Sign accepts many numeric types as arguments. It returns one of three values: -1, 0 or 1.

Info: The result -1 means negative. Zero means the number is zero. And 1 means it is positive.

Next: This program demonstrates the Math.Sign method with ints and doubles as arguments.

Tip: Sign is implemented with branch statements that test the parameter against zero.

C# program that uses Math.Sign method using System; class Program { static void Main() { int a = Math.Sign(-5); int b = Math.Sign(5); int c = Math.Sign(0); Console.WriteLine(a); Console.WriteLine(b); Console.WriteLine(c); a = Math.Sign(-5.5); b = Math.Sign(5.5); Console.WriteLine(a); Console.WriteLine(b); } } Output -1 1 0 -1 1

Exp. Math.Exp is the exponential function. To apply the exponential function, we either use Math.Pow to raise E to a specified power, or call Math.Exp with the exponent as an argument.

Here: This program calls the Math.Exp method and then calls the Math.Pow method such that they have equivalent results.

Note: The Math.Exp always uses Math.E (e) as the specified number. The results of these two method calls are the same.

C# program that uses Exp method using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Compute e ^ 2. double a = Math.Exp(2); double b = Math.Pow(Math.E, 2); // Write results. Console.WriteLine(a); Console.WriteLine(b); } } Output 7.38905609893065 7.38905609893065

IEEERemainder. This is similar to a modulo expression, but the results are different when we use a larger second number. In many cases, the modulo operator returns the same result.

Part 1: The IEEERemainder method returns a remainder of 1 for the arguments 4, 3. This is the same result as the modulo expression.

Part 2: With the arguments 3 and 4, it returns a remainder of -1. The modulo expression meanwhile returns the value 3.

Here: We see that for IEEERemainder, two positive numbers can have a negative remainder.

C# program that uses IEEERemainder using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Part 1: use larger first number. double a = Math.IEEERemainder(4, 3); Console.WriteLine("Part 1"); Console.WriteLine(a); Console.WriteLine(4 % 3); // Part 2: use smaller first number. double b = Math.IEEERemainder(3, 4); Console.WriteLine("Part 2"); Console.WriteLine(b); Console.WriteLine(3 % 4); } } Output Part 1 1 1 Part 2 -1 3

BigMul. This multiplies two integers. With regular multiplication, as with the star operator, the result may overflow. BigMul avoids this problem. It returns a long.

Here: This program's goal is to multiply the int.MaxValue value (2147483647) by itself. If we call Math.BigMul, the result will be correct.

Tip: You should probably use BigMul anywhere you are multiplying large integers.

Multiply OverflowException Int, uint

C# program that calls BigMul using System; class Program { static void Main() { // Call BigMul. long product1 = Math.BigMul(int.MaxValue, int.MaxValue); // Use multiplication operator. long product2 = unchecked(int.MaxValue * int.MaxValue); // Display values. Console.WriteLine(product1); Console.WriteLine(product2); } } Output 4611686014132420609 1

DivRem. Math.DivRem divides two numbers and returns the remainder. With the division operator we do not get the remainder in a separate variable. But with DivRem we get both parts.

Here: This program divides the value 1000 by the value 300. Because the 300 can go into the 1000 three times, you get the result of 3.

However: There is 100 left over. This is returned by the out parameter in the Math.DivRem method.

Tip: The out parameter in the DivRem method is always assigned when DivRem returns. It will be ready to use.

Out

C# program that calls DivRem method using System; class Program { static void Main() { const int a = 1000; const int b = 300; int result; int quotient = Math.DivRem(a, b, out result); Console.WriteLine(quotient); Console.WriteLine(result); } } Output 3 100

A summary. Instead of implementing these functions yourself, I suggest using the Math type. It has many public static methods. You may be able to improve the quality of your code.

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C# Math Type

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