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C# Null String Example
Use null strings and empty strings. See how to avoid NullReferenceExceptions.Null strings present difficulties. We often deal with null or uninitialized string references. Strings are initialized to null automatically at the class level, but we must assign them in methods.StringsNullNullable
Tip: One popular method for dealing with null strings is the string.IsNullOrEmpty method.
IsNullOrEmpty, IsNullOrWhiteSpaceExample. All class-level reference variables are initialized to null. Strings are reference types—they do not contain the character values in the variable. Instead the variable points to an object on the heap that contains that data.Object
Class: This example shows that when a class-level variable (static or not) is used in any method, it is null if it has not been initialized yet.
Note: The compiler allows the code to be executed. This is a pattern that many programs use.
Info: The commented-out part shows that a compile-time error will occur if you not assign the string. This is called definite assignment analysis.
Tip: The example shows that you can use unassigned member variable strings, but not unassigned local variable strings.
C# program that uses null string
using System;
class Program
{
static string _test1;
static void Main()
{
// Instance strings are initialized to null.
if (_test1 == null)
{
Console.WriteLine("String is null");
}
string test2;
// // Use of unassigned local variable 'test2'
// if (test2 == null)
// {
// }
}
}
Output
String is null
Length. One common problem with null strings is trying to take their lengths with the Length property. This will cause a NullReferenceException. The article on the string Length property on this site addresses this issue.String Length
Exception thrown
System.NullReferenceException:
Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
Summary. We saw how null strings are initialized at the class level, and how to definitely assign them in the local variable declaration space. We saw some common errors and reviewed the fact that strings are a reference type, not a value type.
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- C# string.Copy Method
- C# CopyTo String Method: Put Chars in Array
- C# Empty String Examples
- C# String Equals Examples
- C# String For Loop, Count Spaces in String
- C# string.Intern and IsInterned
- C# String IsUpper, IsLower
- C# String Length Property: Get Character Count
- C# String Literal: Newline and Quote Examples
- C# StringBuilder Capacity
- C# StringBuilder Clear (Set Length to Zero)
- C# StringBuilder Data Types
- C# StringBuilder Performance
- C# StringBuilder Equals (If Chars Are Equal)
- C# StringBuilder Memory
- C# StringBuilder ToString: Get String From StringBuilder
- C# StringWriter Class
- C# Sum Method: Add up All Numbers
- C# Switch Char, Test Chars With Cases
- C# Switch Enum
- C# System (using System namespace)
- C# Tag Property: Windows Forms
- C# TextInfo Examples
- C# TextReader, Returned by File.OpenText
- C# TextWriter, Returned by File.CreateText
- C# this Keyword
- C# ThreadPool
- C# Thread Join Method (Join Array of Threads)
- C# ThreadPool.SetMinThreads Method
- C# TimeZone Examples
- C# Get Title From HTML With Regex
- C# ToArray Extension Method
- C# ToCharArray: Convert String to Array
- C# ToDictionary Method
- C# Token
- C# ToList Extension Method
- C# ToLookup Method (Get ILookup)
- C# ToLower and ToUpper: Uppercase and Lowercase Strings
- ToolStripContainer Control: Dock, Properties
- C# ToolTip: Windows Forms
- C# ToString Integer Optimization
- C# ToString: Get String From Object
- C# ToTitleCase Method
- C# TrackBar: Windows Forms
- C# Tree and Nodes Example: Directed Acyclic Word Graph
- C# TreeView Tutorial
- C# Trim Strings
- C# Thread Methods
- C# History
- C# Features
- C# Variables
- C# Data Types
- C# Operators
- C# Keywords
- C# New Features | C# Version Features
- C# Programs
- C# Program to swap numbers without third variable
- C# Program to convert Decimal to Binary
- C# Program to Convert Number in Characters
- C# Program to Print Alphabet Triangle
- C# Program to print Number Triangle
- C# Program to generate Fibonacci Triangle
- C# String Compare() method
- C# String CompareOrdinal() method
- C# String CompareTo() method
- C# String Concat() method
- C# String Contains() method
- C# String CopyTo() method
- C# String EndsWith() method
- C# String Equals() method
- C# String Format() method
- C# String IndexOf() method
- C# String Insert() method
- C# String Intern(String str) method
- C# String IsInterned() method
- C# String Normalize() method
- C# String IsNullOrEmpty() method
- C# String IsNullOrWhiteSpace() method
- C# String Join() method
- C# String LastIndexOf() method
- C# String LastIndexOfAny() method
- C# String PadLeft() method
- C# String PadRight() method
- C# Nullable
- C# String Remove() method
- C# String Replace() method
- C# String Split() method
- C# String StartsWith() method
- C# String SubString() method
- C# Partial Types
- C# Iterators
- C# Delegate Covariance
- C# Delegate Inference
- C# Anonymous Types
- C# Extension Methods
- C# Query Expression
- C# Partial Method
- C# Implicitly Typed Local Variable
- C# Object and Collection Initializer
- C# Auto Implemented Properties
- C# Dynamic Binding
- C# Named and Optional Arguments
- C# Asynchronous Methods
- C# Caller Info Attributes
- C# Using Static Directive
- C# Exception Filters
- C# Await in Catch Finally Blocks
- C# Default Values for Getter Only Properties
- C# Expression Bodied Members
- C# Null Propagator
- C# String Interpolation
- C# nameof operator
- C# Dictionary Initializer
- C# Pattern Matching
- C# Tuples
- C# Deconstruction
- C# Local Functions
- C# Binary Literals
- C# Ref Returns and Locals
- C# Expression Bodied Constructors and Finalizers
- C# Expression Bodied Getters and Setters
- C# Async Main
- C# Default Expression